Saturday, 28 March 2020

What is the science behind calligraphy?


Not all fonts will be considered as beautiful by all people any more than all people agree on what is good art or good music. It is a personal choice.

What you seek comes from the arena of graphology.
A note of caution here: graphology is only effective in spontaneous forms of writing expression. In that respect, it is as accurate, and in accurate, as a lie detector.
The basis of graphology is that as soon as you're given a space to interact with - in this case a piece of paper - you ascribe meaning to its different dimensions. The top and bottom are considered as representations for space. The top of the page is considered "Up" with connotations of "above" and "hierarchy". Conversely, the bottom of the page is considered as the opposites "down" and "below". The left and right sides of the page represent the movement of time so in a society like ours which writes from left to write, they represent the past and future respectively. Of course, in a society where they write right to left, this would be reversed. So, given that temporal-spatial framework, when you're asked to place a mark on it, you choose the place that most appropriately fits your personality. And each mark expresses the same attitude. So for a forward thinking person, all of their writing will be slanted to the right as if it were rushing into the future. For a backward thinking person, all the writing will be slanted to the left as if holding onto something to stop them sliding into the future. If people think of themselves as small, their handwriting will be small. If they have a big ego, their handwriting will be correspondingly larger.
Of course, it is not a perfect science. Apart from society, there are two other massive modifiers to it:
  • How we're taught to write and our feelings attached to that. In our island, we were taught to write with special paper that had three lines in close proximity and we were taught that the body of the letter remains within the middle section and certain letters are allowed into the upper or lower regions. But if you were poor at writing a particular type of letter (for example the upward sweep) and were punished for not doing it correctly, you then associate upper sweeping letters with punishment and that is going to affect your handwriting forever. So where graphologists might claim that an absence of marks in the upper region indicate a poor mental ability, it may be more that the person doesn't want to be reminded of the pain of learning to write
  • Our own personal iconography. I used to get into trouble at school for putting skulls into every art work project. My teachers said that it was morbid. But not to me because, as far as I'm concerned the skull is a very positive idea - it protects my brain and the skeleton lasts the longest of the rest of the tissue so it represents strength, protection and longevity, what's not positive about that? So it is that when different people look at a blank space, they don't necessarily see the same temporal-spatial grid that graphologists claim we all see. Or if they do, how do they react when they get terrible news like a diagnosis of cancer? In that case, does the writing no longer slant to the right because their future is limited?
So what is beautful in calligraphy?
Well, it will be whatever triggers those writing cues that express our society. In the West, that will mean an emphasis on the right/future and upper/mental.
Here's an example:
Personally, I think they're all dull and over flouncy.
For me, calligraphy inhabits that interesting space between pure abstraction (dull, standard letters) and representation (a true image of the thing) by giving the words and letters characteristics of the thing. So you could write "cat" in soft, furry letters and they will communicate one meaning of the word. However, if you to write it sharp, jagged letters, that would communicate something else. So calligraphy takes you back to a time before the Gutenberg press where letters were drawn and so were as much expressions of the artist as in pictures they drew.
The basis of calligraphy is pattern recognition.
Once upon a time, writing and drawing where the same because everything was done by hand. You can see this in the ancient texts of the Mayans, Egyptians and Assyrians where letters and images were intermingled in order to communicate ideas.
It was at this point, that the sense of letters was developed.
When you're free to draw a word - which is what you do with handwriting - that process of drawing modifies the word. Two "A"s need not be drawn the same. As an expression of your state of mind, it will change from moment to moment. A happy "A" is different from an angry "A" A most amusing irony is when people say to me "Oh you can't find out anything about me from my handwriting using graphology because it changes with my moods" And I reply,
"So you agree that your handwriting is not fixed and is influenced by your state of mind so graphology does work, then"
But that's the problem for other people trying to understand your writing, isn't it? How are they to understand what I have written if it is so changeable. And how is someone going to do that for everyone's handwriting if all of them are changing all of the time
There must be core set of signals which specify what a letter looks like and everything else is embellishment.
Well, yes there is. It is the way that we were taught to write at school. Do you remember the groups of three-lines where some numbers stayed in the middle while others went up to the top line and some went down to the bottom line while a very small number took up all three areas? Then later, you were taught the cursive style where you slanted the words to the right and joined them up.
Until the Gutenberg press, calligraphy didn't exist because all writing was embellished by the artist. Then printing changed all of that. Gone was colour, drawings and any variation to be replaced by dull black standard text on lifeless white paper.
Then, somewhere along the line, this became the superior form of writing.
Art and writing became separated. And even how the words were presented on the page ceased to matter until a little later where some of the ancient scribes skills came back as graphic design.
So now we've come full circle.
Graffiti artists have re-discovered all of the skills and the joys that were lost with printing and now freely mix type, layout, design and images to make a whole.
The problem of assigning scientific explanations to art is that they just don't work because they are pre-selective about what they call art. In other words, they start with a biased sample. For example, Ramachandran once explained that Picasso is so well liked because he triggers visual cues for front facing pictures and profiles so he just triggers more visual cues. But if that were the case, then everyone would like Picasso - which they don't. But let's take it one stage further. If Ramachandran is correct and it's all a matter of triggering visual cues, then no one would like paintings because we would all like sculptures instead as, by definition, a three dimensional object triggers more visual cues than a two dimensional painting could.
So, if Ramachandran is correct, then no one should like Picasso because he's only a painter.
Oops
If you want to see more of their arguments, you can find them here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroesthetics
But you won't get the answer you're seeking.
*+*+*
First off, "most people" is hardly precise and even if it were true, so what? "Most people" are misinformed about most things. However, I have found that the critics usually work from the premise of "Well this is so obviously wrong that anyone believing in it is stupid" which is hardly an adequate basis for productive discussion
Second, I made no claims about it. In fact, I highlighted major issues with using this concept in a glib and casual manner.
Third, good luck on finding definitive empiral evidence on this or anything else for that matter. Like the rest of science, there are as many studies that show that graphology works as there are that show that it doesn't work. And all of the ones I've seen from both sides of the debate have been susceptible to "The Observer Effect" and "Confirmation Bias" as with most of the rest of science. I may be cynical but I've got to the point where I can tell you the results of research before it's published by simply asking who funded it.
Here's a more scholarly article on it if you're interested in a more reasoned discussion on the points:
Personally, I have been intrigued by the consistency between certain aspects of handwriting and personality but I'm far from convinced myself. I think you need to look for clusters - where several aspects of the handwriting give the same or similar result. And you really have to take context into consideration - if I'm writing on a hard or uneven surface with an unfamilar pen then my handwriting is going to be very different from using my own pen on my writing desk.
There are two ways that could provide a clearer view on its accuracy:
  1. The first would be a triple blind experiment. The subjects would be required to fill in an innocuous questionnaire that the experimenter would claim was studying something other than handwriting. The experimenter would then hand the questionnaire to a graphologist who would analyse it without meeting the person. Then the personallity analysis would be handed over to friends of the test subject to ask them how accurate it is without telling them how it was produced. Of course, there are still all sorts of issues with determining the validity of the results but at least it would get rid of some of The Observer Effect and Confirmation Bias
  2. Get a piece of handwriting from historical figure. Then get an actor or actress who doesn't know the source of the handwriting to simply copy it while trying out certain personas and characteristics to see which worked with that handwriting and see how how close they get to acting like the original writer. Of course, you'd have to do it with a number of actors and actresses to see if a pattern emerged.
Credit: The header image is available as wallpaper from wall.alphacoders.com

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